(1) In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires-

"accountable person" means-

(a) the person referred to in column (2) of the Table to this definition in respect of the corresponding instruments set out in column (1) of that Table by reference to the appropriate heading in Schedule 1,

(b) in the case of an instrument which operates, or is deemed to operate, as a voluntary disposition inter vivos under section 30 or 54, the parties to such instrument,

(c) in the case of any other instrument, the parties to that instrument,

(d) notwithstanding paragraphs (a), (b) and (c), in the case of any person who would be an accountable person if alive, the accountable person shall be the personal representative of such person:

TABLE

Instrument Heading specified in Schedule 1	Accountable person
(1)	(2)
CONVEYANCE or TRANSFER on sale of any stocks or marketable securities.	The purchaser or transferee.
CONVEYANCE or TRANSFER on sale of any property other than stocks or marketable securities or a policy of insurance or a policy of life insurance.	The purchaser or transferee.
DUPLICATE or COUNTERPART of any instrument chargeable with any duty.	Any of the persons specified in this column, as appropriate.
LEASE.	The lessee.
...1	...2

["approved person" and "authorised person" shall each be construed in accordance with section 917G of the Taxes Consolidation Act 1997;]³

["bill of exchange" means a draft, an order or a cheque;]⁴

["child", in relation to a claim for relief from duty made under this Act, includes a person, being a transferee or lessee, who, prior to the date of execution of the instrument in respect of which relief from duty is claimed, has resided with, was under the care of, and was maintained at the expense of the transferor or lessor throughout-

(a) a period of 5 years, or

(b) periods which together comprised at least 5 years,

before such person attains the age of 18 years, but only if such claim is not based on the uncorroborated testimony of only one witness;]⁵

"Commissioners" means Revenue Commissioners;

"conveyance on sale" includes every instrument, and every decree or order (including a decree or order for, or having the effect of an order for, foreclosure) of any court or of any commissioners, whereby any property, or any estate or interest in any property, on the sale or compulsory acquisition of that property or that estate or that interest is transferred to or vested in a purchaser, or any other person on such purchaser's behalf or on such purchaser's direction;

"die" includes any plate, type, tool, implement, apparatus, appliance, device, process and any other means, used by or under the direction of the Commissioners for expressing or denoting any duty, or rate of duty or the fact that any duty or rate of duty [or interest or penalty]⁶ has been paid or that an instrument is duly stamped or is not chargeable with any duty or for denoting any fee, and also any part or combination of any such plate, type, tool, implement, apparatus, appliance, device, process and any such other means;

["electronic return" means a return that is required to be made to the Commissioners by means of the e-stamping system;

"e-stamping system" means the electronic system established by the Commissioners by means of which electronic returns can be made to, and stamp certificates can be issued by, the Commissioners;]⁷

...⁸

"executed" and "execution", with reference to instruments not under seal, mean signed and signature;

["filer", in relation to an instrument in respect of which a paper return is delivered to the Commissioners, means the person who would be the approved person or, as the case may be, the authorised person had the paper return been an electronic return;]⁹

"forge" includes counterfeit and "forged" shall be construed accordingly;

"impressed" includes any method of applying, producing or indicating a stamp on instruments or material by means of a die;

"instrument" includes every written document;

["lineal descendant", in relation to a conveyance or transfer (whether on sale or as a voluntary disposition inter vivos), includes a person who, as transferee, is a child of the transferor;]¹⁰

"marketable security" means a security of such a description as to be capable of being sold in any stock market in the State;

"material" includes every sort of material on which words or figures can be expressed;

"Minister" means the Minister for Finance;

"money" includes all sums expressed in the currency of the State or in any foreign currency;

...⁸

["paper return" means a return in paper form that satisfies the requirements of an electronic return and is processed by the Commissioners through the e-stamping system;]¹¹

"policy of insurance" includes every writing whereby any contract of insurance is made or agreed to be made, or is evidenced, and "insurance" includes assurance;

"policy of life insurance" means a policy of insurance on any life or lives or on any event or contingency relating to or depending on any life or lives except a policy of insurance for any payment agreed to be made on the death of any person only from accident or violence or otherwise than from a natural cause;

...¹²

"residential property", in relation to a sale or lease, means-

(a) a building or part of a building which, at the date of the instrument of conveyance or lease-

(i) was used or was suitable for use as a dwelling,

(ii) was in the course of being constructed or adapted for use as a dwelling, or

(iii) had been constructed or adapted for use as a dwelling and had not since such construction or adaptation been adapted for any other use,

and

(b) the curtilage of the residential property up to an area (exclusive of the site of the residential property) of one acre;

but where-

[(I) in the year ending on 31 December immediately prior to the date of that instrument of conveyance or lease a rating authority-

(A) has made a rate or has not made a rate in respect of any particular property falling within Schedule 3 to the Valuation Act 2001, or

(B) has not made a rate in respect of any particular property falling within Schedule 4 to the Valuation Act 2001,

then the whole or an appropriate part of that property as is referable to ordinary use other than as a dwelling at the date of that instrument of conveyance or lease or, where appropriate, when last ordinarily used, shall not be residential property, in relation to that sale or lease, or]¹³

(II) the area of the curtilage (exclusive of the site of the residential property) exceeds one acre, then the part which shall be residential property shall be taken to be the part which, if the remainder were separately occupied, would be the most suitable for occupation and enjoyment with the residential property;

"stamp" means-

(a) any stamp, image, type, mark, seal, impression, imprint or perforation impressed by means of a die,

[(b) any receipt in whatever form issued by or 10 under the direction of the Commissioners,

(c) an adhesive stamp issued by or under the direction of the Commissioners, or

(d) a stamp certificate,]¹⁴

for denoting any duty or fee;

["stamp certificate" means—

(a) a certificate issued electronically by the Commissioners by means of the e-stamping system, or

(b) a certificate processed electronically by the Commissioners through the e-stamping system and issued by them in paper form;]¹⁵

["stamped", in relation to an instrument and material, applies as well to an instrument to which is attached a stamp certificate issued in respect of the instrument as to an instrument and material impressed with a stamp by means of a die and an instrument and material having an adhesive stamp affixed to it;]¹⁶

"stock" includes any share in any stocks or funds transferable at the Bank of England or at the Bank of Ireland and any share in the stocks or funds of any foreign state or government, or in the capital stock or funded debt of any county council, corporation, company, or society in the State, or of any foreign corporation, company, or society;

"stock certificate to bearer" includes every stock certificate to bearer issued under any Act authorising the creation of debenture stock, county stock, corporation stock, municipal stock, or funded debt, [by whatever name known;]¹⁷

["Teagasc" means Teagasc - The Agricultural and Food Development Authority.]¹⁸

(2) References in this Act to any enactment shall, except where the context otherwise requires, be construed as references to that enactment as amended or extended by any subsequent enactment.

(3) In this Act a reference to a Part, Chapter, section or Schedule is to a Part, Chapter or section of, or Schedule to, this Act, unless it is indicated that reference to some other enactment is intended.

(4) In this Act a reference to a subsection, paragraph, subparagraph, clause or subclause is to the subsection, paragraph, subparagraph, clause or subclause of the provision (including a Schedule) in which the reference occurs, unless it is indicated that reference to some other provision is intended.