(1) In this section-

"close company" has the meaning assigned to it by sections 430 and 431;

"company" has the same meaning as in section 4(1);

"control" shall be construed in accordance with section 432;

"relative" means brother, sister, ancestor or lineal descendant and, for the purposes of the Capital Gains Tax Acts, also means uncle, aunt, niece or nephew;

"settlement" includes any disposition, trust, covenant, agreement or arrangement, and any transfer of money or other property or of any right to money or other property;

"settlor", in relation to a settlement, means any person by whom the settlement was made, and a person shall be deemed for the purposes of this section to have made a settlement if the person has made or entered into the settlement directly or indirectly and, in particular (but without prejudice to the generality of the preceding words), if the person has provided or undertaken to provide funds directly or indirectly for the purpose of the settlement, or has made with any other person a reciprocal arrangement for that other person to make or enter into the settlement.

(2) For the purposes of the Tax Acts and the Capital Gains Tax Acts, except where the context otherwise requires, any question whether a person is connected with another person shall be determined in accordance with subsections (3) to (8) (any provision that one person is connected with another person being taken to mean that they are connected with one another).

(3) A person shall be connected with an individual if that person is the individual's husband or wife, or is a relative, or the husband or wife of a relative, of the individual or of the individual's husband or wife.

(4) A person in the capacity as trustee of a settlement shall be connected with-

(a) any individual who in relation to the settlement is a settlor,

(b) any person connected with such an individual, and

(c) a body corporate which is deemed to be connected with that settlement, and a body corporate shall be deemed to be connected with a settlement in any accounting period or, as the case may be, year of assessment if, at any time in that period or year, as the case may be, it is a close company (or only not a close company because it is not resident in the State) and the participators then include the trustees of or a beneficiary under the settlement.

(5) Except in relation to acquisitions or disposals of partnership assets pursuant to bona fide commercial arrangements, a person shall be connected with any person with whom such person is in partnership, and with the spouse or a relative of any individual with whom such person is in partnership.

(6) A company shall be connected with another company-

(a) if the same person has control of both companies, or a person (in this paragraph referred to as "the first-mentioned person") has control of one company and persons connected with the first-mentioned person, or the first-mentioned person and persons connected with the first-mentioned person, have control of the other company, or

(b) if a group of 2 or more persons has control of each company, and the groups either consist of the same persons or could be regarded as consisting of the same persons by treating (in one or more cases) a member of either group as replaced by a person with whom such member is connected.

(7) A company shall be connected with another person if that person has control of the company or if that person and persons connected with that person together have control of the company.

(8) Any 2 or more persons acting together to secure or exercise control of, or to acquire a holding in, a company shall be treated in relation to that company as connected with one another and with any person acting on the direction of any of them to secure or exercise control of, or to acquire a holding in, the company.